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Analysis Package jaksztat2025

Details

Authors:
Jaksztat, Steffen ORCID logo;
Goldan, Lea ORCID logo;
Gross, Christiane ORCID logo
Institution(s):
German Centre for Higher Education Research and Science Studies; Julius-Maximilians-Universität of Würzburg; Academic Advisory Commission of Lower Saxony (WKN)
Sponsored by:
  • German Research Foundation
    Funding reference:
    433155285
  • German Academic Scholarship Foundation
Data Curation:
Daniel, Andreas ORCID logo
DOI:
Version:
1.0.0 (published at Jun 13, 2025)

Analysis Package Description

Objective: The aim of this paper is to analyze (a) how highly educated women and men differ in their parental leave-taking behavior and (b) how parental leave-taking affects their subsequent wages.

Background: Labor market theories suggest that taking parental leave can have negative effects on career progress and wages. Consequently, the fact that women are much more likely than men to take parental leave is likely to contribute to long-term career-related gender inequalities. At the same time, some studies have shown that wage losses resulting from parental leave are greater for men than for women and are especially pronounced among highly qualified individuals.

Method: We analyzed data from a nationally representative panel study (7 waves from 2015 to 2021) with doctoral graduates in Germany from the cohort 2013/2014. We used fixed-effects regressions to estimate intra-individual changes in hourly wages due to parental leave-taking.

Results: Highly educated women took parental leave more often and for much longer periods than highly educated men did. Taking extended parental leave was associated with a reduction in hourly wages. However, this general finding was slightly insignificant for first-time parents. Against expectations, our analyses did not confirm higher wage penalties for men following a period of parental leave.

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the gender-specific use of parental leave is an important factor in the gender pay gap.

License

Scripts related to this Analysis Package

Title Language of Commentaries Software Package Version File License
jaksztat2025_femaleshare_occupation.do English Stata 18 *
jaksztat2025_Jaksztat_Goldan_Gross_2025_JMF.do English Stata 18 *

* The script is not available via direct download, please order the analysis package via the shopping cart.

Analysis Data

Type of Data:
Custom Data Package
Title:
PP_J14_W1-7_use_2-0-0.dta
Data Package Description:

Use-File of the first 7 waves of the panel study "Karrieren Promovierter" (Promoviertenpanel).

Annotations:

SUF release still pending.

Availability Type:
not accessible

Related Objects

Publications (1)
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How Does Taking Parental Leave Affect the Wages ofHighly Educated Parents?
Jaksztat, Steffen; Goldan, Lea; Gross, Christiane  (2025)
Jaksztat, S., Goldan, L. & Gross, C. (2025). How Does Taking Parental Leave Affect the Wages ofHighly Educated Parents? Journal of Marriage and Family, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.13109
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