Estud wave 1 

Students, who were enrolled in the winter term 2015/16 or summer term 2016 respectively at one of the 18 participating state or state-recognized resarch universities in Germany. Excluded were research universities with a special focus on music, the arts, sports, distant learning or of the German Federal Armed Forces.

In the winter term 2015/16, the heads of all state or state-recognized research universities (n=91) were contacted per mail and asked for participation in the "Estud" study. Universities with a narrow range of subjects, like music, arts or sports, were excluded. The research universities had to forward the invitation E-Mail for the online-survey to their entire student body. In order to reduce the work amount for university admninistration, the universities were not asked to draw samples from their student registry. As an incentive, participating institutions were offered institution-based study results. 18 universities (20%) agreed to participate. Participating institutions are mainly state research universities. They offer a wide range of study subjects (194 subjects at research and technical research universities) and have different enrollement numbers.